[PERF-344] Add versioning of cached course assets to allow graceful cache invalidation

When releasing the versioned assets work, we stumbled on a problem with old pickled
versions of the StaticContent objects residing in cache, which triggered a bug in the
code. Not wanting to blow away all cached items, we ended up having to revert and add
in some backwards-compatible helper code to ease the transition.

With this, we'll now utilize the version argument that Django's caching interface
allows, in conjunction with a constant value that can be modified when breaking changes
are being made, to let us gracefully ignore older cached course assets.